The most accurate way to calculate your VO2 max is in a clinical setting, says Tanayan. “A CPET (cardiopulmonary exercise test) is the gold standard of estimating someone’s VO2 max,” he says. In the ...

With aging there are changes in the cardiovascular system, which result in alterations in cardiovascular physiology. The changes in cardiovascular physiology must be differentiated from the ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality increased by 78%, rising from 72.4 to 128.7 per 100 000 (2017–2022), with the greatest ...