Smoking is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Together, these diseases pose ...

It's easy to blame ill-health on genes, but how we live from childhood onwards is shown to be a bigger reason for disease and early death Nurture is more influential than nature when it comes to a ...

Nurture is more influential than nature when it comes to a number of major diseases and premature deaths ... early life exposures such as a mother smoking around the time of a child’s birth.