In “Determine: A Science of Life Without Free Will,” the neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky takes up a question that philosophers have asked for eons, and finds an answer in how our brains work. Sapolsky ...

In the book’s introduction, author and neuroendocrinologist Robert Sapolsky explains his fascination with the biology of violence and other dark parts of human behavior. Build data‑driven, connected R ...

Robert Sapolsky (2023) and Kevin Mitchell (2023) are both biologists who have written books that come to opposite conclusions about the existence of free will. Sapolsky's book Determined argues that ...

After studying humans and other primates for 40 years, Stanford neurobiologist Robert Sapolsky has concluded that many factors beyond our control influence our choices and behaviors, leaving free will ...

If we don’t have free will, we’ve built our society on a powerful myth. At home and work, in school, and when spending time with friends, people get rewarded and punished for their choices. In the ...

Jessica Riskin wrote this interesting review slamming a book by biologist Robert Sapolsky. The book in question argues that people and animals have no free will, and Riskin does not find Sapolsky’s ...