Charge density waves are quantum phenomena occurring in some materials, which involve a static modulation of conduction electrons and the periodic distortion of the lattice. These waves have been ...

The solar corona is threaded by magnetic fields that are difficult to measure directly, yet they govern coronal heating, jets ...

Most people know about solids, liquids, and gases as the main three states of matter, but a fourth state of matter exists as well. Plasma—also known as ionized gas—is the most abundant, observable ...

Natural circulation relies on buoyancy forces arising from density differences in a fluid heated and cooled at distinct regions of a closed loop. This passive mechanism underpins safety and efficiency ...