The complement cascade, traditionally appreciated for its role in innate immunity, has emerged as a pivotal regulator of bone repair. Activation of complement components generates anaphylatoxins such ...

The complement system in teleost fish constitutes a cornerstone of innate defence, integrating classical, lectin and alternative activation routes to eliminate pathogens and shape inflammatory ...

Researchers have shown that innate immune training, also known as trained immunity (TRIM), leads to aggravated bone loss in experimental models of periodontitis and inflammatory arthritis. Clinical ...

Unlike transient innate immune activation, trained immunity is characterized by long-lasting but reversible functional reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and ...